Matrix Removal From Water By Pulsed Power Discharge

64:4 (2013) 125–130 | www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my | eISSN 2180–3722 | ISSN 0127–9696 Jurnal Full paper Teknologi Phenol Removal from Water by Pulsed Power Discharge: A Review Hashem Ahmadia, Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidika,b*, Mehrdad Khamooshic, Zulkafle Buntata aInstitut Voltan dan Arus Tinggi (IVAT) and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia bDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, 30662 Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, G.magusa, TRNC, Mersin10 ,Turkey *Corresponding author: abubakar@fke.utm.my Article history Received :15 February 2013 Received in revised form : 10 June 2013 Accepted :16 July 2013 Graphical abstract Abstract In the last three decades, pulsed high voltage discharge technology has offered promising techniques for the treatment of wastewaters released to the environment by industry. A significant effort has been directed towards understanding the processes that occur during the discharge of solutions for a variety of reactor configurations. This review presents the disadvantages and advantages of different reactors based on discharge phase. Detailed information is also provided on the principals used in each technique and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each method. Finally, a discussion on the different discharge areas is presented. Keywords: PhenolShow MoreRelatedComponents Of Engineering Design And Analysis9854 Words   |  40 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Materials are an important aspect of engineering design and analysis. The importance of engineering materials can be noted from the fact that historical ages have been named after materials. Materials Science forms the basic foundation for engineers in product development because the structures, components, and devices that design are limited by the properties of the materials. In the customer driven competitive business environment, the product qualityRead MoreFinal Year Project (Heat Sensor)15216 Words   |  61 Pagesof the Electronic and Electrical of Engineering (EEE) diploma at Institut Teknologi dan Pengurusan Lebuh Victoria. This paper is based on the design and analysis of Heat Sensor with water pump system using cooling fan to reduce the temperature. This project was done to see the operation of heat sensor and how the water pump system and the cooling fan work. This project is divided into two parts namely software and hardware development. Also, it includes two circuits that need to be designed and developed

Promotional and Pricing Strategies - 1721 Words

Promotion Strategies 1. Explain what you think would be an appropriate promotions strategy for both of them. In doing so compare and contrast the two promotions strategies explaining why you think they would be similar or different. (50%) Fitness/ Exercise Products and Vacations to Black Women Aged 18-30 Pricing Methods 2. Explain what you think would be the most appropriate pricing method and why. In doing so compare and contrast the two pricing methods explaining why you think they would be similar or different. (50%) Fitness Products to Gay Men or Women and Non-lethal Personal Security Products to Handgun Owners Date of Submission Promotional and Pricing Strategies: Promotional strategy can be described as the function of notifying, persuading, and influencing the decisions of a customer regarding a particular product and/or service. Notably, certain promotional strategies are geared towards creating primary demand or desire for a general product category. The most common objectives of the use of promotional strategies across organizations include creating the primary demand for a product, expanding markets, maintaining the current market position, and presenting a corporate view on a public matter. The other important aspect in the marketing mix is developing an appropriate pricing strategy for the product and/or service. The main objective a suitable pricing strategy is to ensure that the product and/or service are provided at reasonable prices while theShow MoreRelatedPricing Objectives, Strategies Promotional Mix of a Company6056 Words   |  25 PagesDISCUSS VARIOUS PRICING OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIBE PRICE SETTING TOOLS AND STRATEGIES (BOTH FOR EXISTING AND NEW PRODUCTS) Pricing is one of the major components of the marketing plan, which is a component of a full business plan. Assigning product prices is a strategic activity. The price you assign will impact how consumers view your product and whether they will purchase it. Price also helps differentiate your product from those of your competitors. However, the price you assign must be in lineRead MorePricing Strategies of Itc1297 Words   |  6 PagesPricing Strategy ITC Foods Business Division (Staples) The FMCG RETAIL Pricing Strategy UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS FMCG Pricing Strategy is now a critical element of the management mix. Old school management responsibilities of Sales owning the trade spend budget and customer negotiations with marketing owning the Recommend Retail Price do not work in today s information driven age. Retail sales volume is now 80% controlled by 2-3 chains with a scatteringRead MorePricing Strategies And Marketing Strategies1749 Words   |  7 PagesPricing strategies can vary from offering relatively stable prices across a wide range of products, which is known as Everyday Low Pricing (EDLP) or Promotional Pricing (PROMO) which involves emphasising deep and frequent discounts on smaller sets of goods (Ellickson and Misra, 2008). 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Case Analysis “No Frills” Air Fares Free Essays

Business Economics Case Analysis: â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares Distinguish between the demand curves for National Airlines, Eastern Airlines and the Airlines industry. The above analysis requires an understanding of: (i) Why is the demand curve downward sloping? (ii) Can price have the same effect on the demand between the firms and at industry level? (iii) What would be the effect of changes in income and other prices on the demand curve of a firm? iv) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for National and Eastern Airlines. (v) Which elasticity measurement (Point vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis: â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares or any similar topic only for you Order Now Arc) is appropriate for National and Eastern Airline? Explain â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares As the 1974-1975 recession made inroads into passenger traffic loads of the major airlines, National Airlines persuaded the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) to let it try an experiment with a discount of as much as 35 % from normal coach fares on certain of its regularly scheduled routes. National, in an effort to build up its load factor, tied its discount fare proposal to the offering of â€Å"no frills† service during the flight, including doing away with complimentary meals, snacks, soft drinks, and coffee so as to reduce costs and partially offset the lower-priced fares. However, passengers using the â€Å"no frills† plan could selectively purchase these items in-flight if they wished. The no frills fares were offered only Mondays through Thursdays. The CAB gave the go-ahead to National to experiment with the no frills fare, with the proviso that National study the plan and report back at a later date. Eastern Airlines and Delta Airlines, both competitors of National on some of the routes where National proposed to implement no frills fares, were also permitted to use the discount fares for a trial period. In its report to the CAB on the results of the no frills approach, National maintained that 56 % of the 133,000 passengers who used its no frills fare from mid- April through June 30, 1975, were enticed to travel by air because of the discount fare plan. According to National, the new passenger traffic generated by discount fares increased its revenues by $4 million during that period. National said that its figures were based upon an on-board survey of 13,500 passengers and presented one of the most exhaustive studies ever conducted for a CAB investigation. J. Dan Brock, vice president for marketing for National Airlines, was quoted at a news conference as saying that the fare had been an â€Å"unqualified success,† had created a new air-travel market, and had generated more than twice the volume of new passengers required to offset revenue dilution caused by regular passengers switching to the lower fare. He said the stimulus of the fare gave National a net traffic gain of 74,000 passengers during the initial 21/2 – month trail. But he also cautioned that the success claims he was making for the no frills fare did not mean that low fares were the answer to the airline industry’s excess capacity problems. Yet Brock did go so far as to state that â€Å"what no frills has proved†¦ is that a properly conceived discount fare, offered at the right time in the right markets with the right controls, can help airlines hurdle traditionally soft traffic period. Eastern Airlines reported a much different experience. Eastern said its studies showed that only 14 % of the 55,200 of its passengers who used a no frills fare between mid-April and May 31 represented newly generated traffic, with the remaining 86 % representing passengers diverted from higher fares who would have flown anyway. It said that the effect of the fare in the six major markets it studied was a net loss in re venue to Eastern of $ 543,000 during the initial 11/2 months. At the same time Eastern attacked the credibility of the National Airlines’ survey, noting that its own data were based upon an exhaustive and scientific blind telephone survey among persons who did not know the purpose and sponsor of the survey. Eastern claimed that this type of study was more apt to produce unbiased results that National’s on-board surveys. Other airlines joined Eastern in challenging National’s survey results in the CAB’s hearing to decide whether the no frills fares should continue to be allowed. Delta Airlines, for example, claimed that the no frills fare did not even come close to offsetting the dilution its experienced in revenues. Other airline officials observed that while National Airlines might have succeeded through its heavy promotion of the no frills fares in diverting some business from ther carriers, they felt that National‘s claims of generating many passengers who otherwise would not have flown were â€Å"preposterous. † Those airlines in direct competition with National on the routes where the discount fares were tried were vehemently opposed to continuing the discounts. In their view the no frills approach constituted â€Å"economic nonsense. † They announced a policy of matching National’s discount fare only where forced to for competitive reasons. How to cite Case Analysis: â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares, Papers

Trolling Effects on Social Media free essay sample

The anonymous quality of the internet allows for trolling to ruin social media. Trolling hurts social interactions online emotionally and mentally. In my own life I have encountered such behavior in online video gaming. I was playing a competitive game where sixteen other people were split into two teams. We were able to communicate to each other through a microphone. Although everyone had microphones, nearly no one ever used them. When the chance came when people playing the game used them, the conversation was never focused on the game itself. It was either directed at someone personally, a team, or just everyone playing. They would insult, taunt, ask stupid questions, start talking about something totally off topic, or sometimes just blare music really loud. All of this too made playing the game very irritating and annoying. Some people were offended so much that they would leave in middle of the game. We will write a custom essay sample on Trolling Effects on Social Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would in turn make the teams uneven and less enjoyable to the point that everyone would leave the game. It makes you wonder, what is the incentive for this kind of action? You could come up with a couple of different ideas for that. The individual is doing it to distract the other team and get an upper hand. Maybe to get revenge on a player in a previous game, or just for the twisted tormented enjoyment of it. In the real world, it is seldom to find a person behave in this type of manor. For right now I don’t care why they are doing it, I want to know why we don’t see this kind of behavior more often outside of social media. What flaw in the internet is allowing this to happen? To answer that question you need to look at how the Internet changes the environment. The Internet can be a place where many things can be accomplished in a different manor. For instance, if you wanted to purchase foot odor spray there are two ways you could get it. You could either go buy it at a store and go through that embarrassing scenario with the cashier. On other hand, you could simply just order online in the comfort of your private home and not have that embarrassing fiasco with the cashier. That’s one quality the internet has, the ability to be anonymous. In the case of trolling, the internet has permitted for the online dis-inhibition effect. This is the moment people arent face to face and people lose their inhibitions as well as accountability for what they say. So for a troll on a discussion board that wants to make some racket the only thing stopping him is nothing. In the article â€Å"Trolls as the huge nuisance of web age† says that is unknown person in a dimly-lit movie theatre who makes a funny noise out loud. This proves that people like to joke and make fun of things when they are unknown to the public. Although the anonymous quality of the internet seems innocent, it still allows for trolls to hurt social media. Trolling is hindering the social interactions on the Internet. On different social media’s people are hurt emotionally and mentally. Trolling can have some major negative impacts on people’s feelings. When trolls try to antagonize a person it can be done in hurtful ways. In most cases it is just like bullying and also has similar effects. For example, a troll might try to provoke you by calling you names or making jokes about your post. This type of trolling can get out of hand fast and cause some serious damage. In Mehrotra Article he discusses an incident in Long Island about a teen who commits suicide by hanging herself. The â€Å"trolls† posted pictures of nooses on her online tribute page. Trolls add nothing to a debate; they only lower its quality by taking people’s attention off the topic. They even go as far as to actually participate in the discussion. Instead of nonsense they use illogical reasoning that makes discussion more painful to read. For example, they may say that George bush is idiot and he can’t know how to fix the problem at hand. All that adds to the argument is nothing it just points out that whatever is being debated is wrong because George bush said it. There was no reasoning behind it at all. Soon everyone gets sucked in by trying to reason with the troll or even agree with him. So far governments have taken notice by installing report abuse buttons and appointed moderators to track toxic trolls. In my opinion they have only scratched the surface. The problem is people keep on feeding the trolls. People on the internet do not understand that person that is making the remarks is just trying to get your attention and reel you in. Although trolls preform good cons to get your attention overtime you can start to catch on to it. People need to be aware of this sort of behavior. Only then will people understand the person isn’t targeting you personally, he is just playing a game, for whatever reason that is. Also, you need to take the unknown out of the equation. Make it so no one can post anonymously. Have everything linked to that person so he can be tracked down and answer for what they have done. On the other hand, this is a big evasion of privacy and totally changes the internet for what it is, so maybe talking small steps better then changing the internet entirely. I think the biggest cause is the invisible factor when that’s taken out of play social media should be nothing different from regular conversation. People use social media to replace traditional interaction in a more efficient way. There shouldn’t be a new monster lurking around the corner waiting to pounce. Trolling has become a serious social issue that the internet is taking a toll for. We should not supply this creature with the tools to do so but we blindly do. Trolling will only be out of our hair when awareness and prevention for trolling is taken seriously.

What Makes an Effective Senior Leadership Team (Slt) Essay Example

What Makes an Effective Senior Leadership Team (Slt)? Essay What makes an effective senior leadership team (SLT)? The nature of an effective a senior leadership team (SLT) will be the topic of this essay. The idea of team work and various models of SLT will be covered linking their roles, strategy, values and pitfalls. I will interlace this essay with some personal experience and relevant literature Belbin and Fullan to conclude through an historical analogy, my personal understanding of what SL T represents. The combination of words in the sentence â€Å"Effective Senior Leadership Team† brings together an amalgam of important and decisive words, which individually symbolise strong individual qualities. None the less, one word effectively links the whole sentence into one, â€Å"team†. According Belbin (1993), the word â€Å"team† stems from the idea of sport and play where individual players hold specific positions in a given task in sync with a sense of reliability and trust. A School Leadership Team is usually constituted of the head teacher and deputy head. However, depending on the size of the school, the team vary in size, often, Assistant Head Teachers or Senior Teachers hold particular responsibilities such as leading a specific the key stages or assessment across the school. The team may also include the Special Needs Co-coordinator (SENCO) and increasingly the School Business Manager (SBM). According to an independent study into school leadership (DfES, 2007) five essential â€Å"models† of SLT can be put in place (see diagram 1. 1), so to hold a positive impact on the positive children’s attainment. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes an Effective Senior Leadership Team (Slt)? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes an Effective Senior Leadership Team (Slt)? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes an Effective Senior Leadership Team (Slt)? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The report argues that in comparison with SLT models, leadership behaviours appear to be an essential aspect on the positive impact on pupils’ performance. However, via the progress and creation of new leadership models, the right leadership behaviour can be cultivated (DfES, 2007, see index page 8). Figure 1. 1 Five models of School Leadership [pic] It is interesting to note from this diagram, the overlapping of the different models as described in DfES. My previous school’s head teacher worked in collaboration with another school and where necessary, implemented similar strategies to both establishments. Fullan (2010:14) emphasises the importance of â€Å"network and system engaged†, a process whereby a school in no longer introverted but actively engage with exterior influences thus seeking a â€Å"two-way partnership† which helps develop and strengthen a collaborative culture within the school and beyond. My understanding of the role and responsibility of an SLT are to establish the strategic direction of a school and then manage it, to lead any changes and generally make sure that the school is doing the best it can for its stakeholders. In order to achieve the latter, Belbin highlights (2009, p1), â€Å"team role behaviour† as an important aspect in the constitution of the well functioning team and defines role preference as contextually mutable, in contrast, character that stems from the personality trait of an individual is less likely to change. He further defines (ibis, 1993) six specific roles that as a whole constitute our behaviour in a group or a team. In other words, until the roles are clearly defined within a team, instability appears to be omnipresent within the group. Belbin (1993) describes one of the six elements as â€Å"role learning†, the identifying roles of others and, the array of roles attributed to oneself. It is fair to say that once each role is clearly established within the group, confidence is installed. This principal appears to be an essential tool in the construction of an effective team as I have experience in my managerial work where the importance of each role enabled the team to perform to their up most. Fullan (2010, Principal: 14) stresses the notion of a good head teacher to have a keen â€Å"bias for action†, but strikingly cautious â€Å"in tending to relationship†. I believe, this is where, it is essential to remind ourselves that any team at all is constituted of human being, thus involving different cultures, views and experience. However, a head teacher generally represents the school and its vision thus acting as a leader just as Mc Call and Lawlor envisage the qualities of a leader to be a visionary, to have a firm idea of what lies ahead with a plan of action aiming at a specific goal (Pound, 2008). This coupled with strong interpersonal skills, commitment, resilience, positive outlook, supportive and approachable with the will to teer the boat in the mist of change and novelty (Pound, 2008). However, it is also essential to reminds ourselves that a Head Teacher is part of a team and as Fullan (issue March/April 2010: 14) describes, the principal is â€Å"second only to the teacher in his or her impact on the student†. In further support to this argument, Belbin (2004) would argue that not one person could fulfil all aspect attribu ted to the definition of an ideal leader/manager, but that a team could. Other unconnected negative form of pressure should also be considered when dealing with a Senior Leadership Team. Fullan (2010, spb-161129: p3) talks about the various exterior form of negative pressure, such as a â€Å"blind sense of urgency, pressure without means, punitive pressure, groupthink and win-lose competition† that are rooted in the system â€Å"culture which serves the forces of inertia†. He illustrates his point with a â€Å"well intentioned† US policy, â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† that served an opposite effect by putting unnecessary pressure in forcing schools, and consequently SLT, to implement an ideology without any well founded strategy, thus creating a â€Å"blind sense of urgency† (Fullan, 2010,spb-161129 p3). Drucker (2001) argues that as much as decision making is acknowledged to be an important part of management, it is often the case that we miss out on the essential point by trying too hard to solve a problem rather than ask the right questions. He (2001: ) further mentions that â€Å"it is the people who work in the business that really count. Treating employees badly will inevitably come to haunt us in the long run†. This would essentially result in creating a blame culture where as Fullan (2010, spb-161129: p4) highlights, punitive pressure from authoritarian regimes only serve the purpose of creating a counterproductive team that generates an atmosphere of mistrust and individualism. However, Fullan (2010, spb-161129: p5) also suggests that no pressure is not the solution as it induces idolatry, but motivation pressure on the other hand can be a very powerful tool to create a â€Å"sense of focused urgency, partnerships and peers, transparency of data, non punitive accountability and irresistible synergy†. SLT can introduce strategies such as the â€Å"Six Thinking Hats† by Edward de Bono as part of their school improvement scheme. De Bonos’s method is based on the brain chemicals studies, which demonstrate that different brain chemicals are released through various thoughts process, the method enables each team member to use their individual best by tapping into their own experience, intelligence and information, leaving aside their ego in the process thus creating â€Å"parallel thinking† (Bono, 2000). Bono (2000) argues that arguments are negative and slow down the process of productive thinking. Whitty (2002) calls attention to the importance of school improvement, as a fundamental rule, lies mainly with the responsibility of the school itself. This in my view, brings back to the front the spirit of team work but also the value of delegating tasks according to ones best abilities or interest. Rodd (2006, p87) highlights that â€Å"delegation involves having confidence in the staff and their ability to act as responsible professionals†. I would like to conclude with an analogy with Napoleon’s avant-garde strategies, written by Robert Greene in â€Å"Descent of Power†, which I thought mirrored somewhat De Bono, Fullan and Belbin ideologies. Napoleon made one of the greatest discoveries in the history of warfare namely that structure is strategy. The structure of your group, of your army, is what gives it speed and mobility, creates its tone, rhythm and way of action† (Greene, 2008: 1). Napoleon distributed power amongst his ranks and enabled them to make their own decision in line with his philosophy (Greene, 2008). This would be supported by Quinn (Fiddler, 2002: P9) who says â€Å"A strategy is the pattern or plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policies, and action sequences into a cohesive whole†. Therefore, I concur with Fidler in thinking that to construct an effective SLT team similar values that reflect not only a planning for the near future but also a vision of the long term future thus foreseeing possible obstacles along the way.

Anti-Semitism in Political Cartoons essays

Anti-Semitism in Political Cartoons essays An anti-Semitic political cartoon drawn by the English artist, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827) shows Solomon (of the Bible) enjoying himself with two pretty Christian girls. This, as with many other Nazi-driven ideas, contain very ironic subject matter, concerning the events that took place during the Holocaust. This cartoon tells the viewer that Jews have low morals, and that they believe they are superior to other races. The central theme of this particular cartoon is that Jews are crude and that they believe Jews are obliged to commit infamous acts against Christians. I will describe the various ways the viewer might decipher this illustration. Though these ideas will most likely sound strange, the sad fact is that many Nazis were trained to think this way. First of all, because of the anti-Semitic view that Jews are morally corrupt, there must be reason for the brutal murder of them, right? Even though in reality Jews followed the teachings of the Old Testament (which had a very high moral structure), Nazis decided to claim they were vulgar in order to justify their anti-Semitic behavior. Secondly, where did the notion that Jews are obliged to commit infamous acts against Christians come from? Yes, its true that cases do exist where Jews have done wrong towards Christians, but is that not the same vise-versa? When society takes one act of cruelty and stereotypes an entire race based upon that act, it suggests that things like anti-Semitism can be easily accepted. Because cartoons like this one were published in many European publications, the stereotypes set upon the Jews became widespread. These stereotypes enabled the Nazis in strengthening anti-Semitic values in the masses. By creating this otherness, Jews were essentially de-humanized and were easily punished for these horrible things they had been labeled for. Though this cartoon shows that Jews deemed themselves to be raciall...

Discussion week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion week 6 - Assignment Example e working age population which is expected to increase to 37% by 2020, and the hospitals are gaining market share making a monopoly to increase prices they charge to customers. The demand and supply issues in the market create legal and standard issues, doctors malfunction on patients because of unavailability of required medicines. As a nurse the most critical reason is the new drugs and technologies that are being introduced in the market. There are too many innovations in medical industry and it becomes difficult to cope up with new information. Every day there is a new discovery; doctors are continuously making researches in the field. Although if looked at it otherwise, it is better for the patients who face with diseases that have no remedies. However, as a leader of the nursing community I will motivate my staff to learn the news ways in medicine to apply them on the patient. In the same amount of staff members I will conduct training sessions to ensure that they are well aware about the new treatment and have full knowledge of its implementation. This would reduce the cost of the hospitals and the same nursing staff would be updated with the new