Globalization and Global Warming

Notice This update fills in as an educational and scientific archive examining globalizations biggest risk †a dangerous atmospheric devation. I will address the accompanying issues: †¢ What is an unnatural weather change and how is it being caused? †¢ Who is adding to its progression? †¢ The dangers and outcomes of an Earth-wide temperature boost †¢ Recommendations we can do to slow a dangerous atmospheric devation Global Warming and It’s Cause Global warming could have begun as right on time as the 1860’s because of the Industrial Revolution that started after the Civil War. This was a period of development and creation; where man made machine and machine changed society.Not just did the machine change society, yet it additionally changed the climatic gases †all the more explicitly, ozone harming substances. Ozone harming substances comprise of carbon dioxide †known to cause the best measure of a worldwide temperature alteration †methane gas, ozone, and nitrous oxide. These four ozone harming substances go about as a cover over the outside of the earth. As the sun hits the earth’s surface, the warmth is reflected back towards the sun. The warmth is then contained by the ozone harming substance cover and warms the earth. Without this sweeping, we would live in a freezing world.This environmental equalization the earth gives is as of now being tried by man. What happens when we remove our own ozone harming substances? The ‘blanket’ thickens and it traps in more warmth. This additional warmth upon the earth’s surface is known as an Earth-wide temperature boost. Along these lines, an unnatural weather change can be characterized as the impact that expanded ozone depleting substances have on the earth’s air. The expansion of ozone harming substances are the aftereffect of two affordable components: the consuming of petroleum products for vitality, and deforestation for industria lization. The principal factor adds to most of the xpelled ozone depleting substances †that is: The Burning of Fossil Fuels As globalization spreads and builds industry, it likewise expands the store of dirtying gases into the air. One such gas is carbon dioxide. The arrival of CO2 is all the more explicitly caused from the consuming of oil, coal, and gas. These three normal energizes, which are utilized in assembling and modern development, have established generally 75% of human produced CO2 emanations ousted into the environment during the previous 20 years (IPCC WGI). Here is a diagram supporting the increments of CO2:Indicators of the human impact on the environment during the Industrial period [pic] (IPCC Chart 1) As you can see, this chart stops in the year 2000. Expecting there was a vitality increment in the previous 6 years by quickly creating countries, for example, China and India, alongside created countries reliable vitality use, we can likewise accept the CO2 fix ation has proceeded with its vertical ascension. Deforestation The obliteration or clearing (as certain organizations may put it) of the worlds’ timberlands are expected in most part to horticultural requirements and industrialization.Why scientistists concur that this training is impeding to the enviroment can be summarized in two different ways: 1. trees act like wipes that suck in carbon dioxide and convert it to oxygen 2. at the point when trees are scorched, they discharge the put away carbon dioxide over into the air, adding to the contamination Hence, the more trees that are copied, the less carbon dioxide gets harbored. As indicated by Greenpeace, â€Å"Thirty percent of the carbon dioxide added to the environment in the course of recent years is thought to originate from deforestation, yet this is a limited quantity contrasted with what is still put away in forests.The Canadian and Russian boreal woodlands alone hold 40 percent of the world's carbon stocks† (G reenpeace Science). In different zones of the world, carbon stocks are not being contained, however ceaselessly discharged through deforestation. Worldwide Forest Watch, a free oprganization that gives current data on timberland improvement expressed: â€Å"In 2002, about 47% of the Brazilian Amazon was under some sort of human weight; late gauges contrasting this figure and new information from 2005 show that human weight has expanded by 7%† (Global woodland watch).Not just are we losing the chance of finding uncommon tropical plants that could be changed over into pharmaceuticals, however we are likewise annihilating indigenous networks that speck the Amazon rainforest. It is justifiable that deforestation is requirement for human progress, however there are ways we can check its obliteration and save the rainforests. Donors of Global Warming If your methods for transportation today didn't comprise of strolling or riding a bicycle, odds are, you added to the consuming of no n-renewable energy sources. Americans would not have the option to get by without the utilization of fossil fuels.We produce them in our vehicles, our homes, and even in our waste. The primary concern is: petroleum products make vitality, and we need vitality. Along these lines, it isn't astounding that Americans are liable for 25% of the ozone harming substances discharged into the environment, regardless of having just 5% of the world’s populace. (Stix 47) This makes America the biggest polluter on the planet. It is clear that when a nation turns into a world head through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the center becomes business. The requirement for business benefits by partnerships apitalizing on industry affect the earth. Sadly, numerous ventures don't think about the impacts their business has on the earth. The following is a diagram contrasting three nations †the United States, Former Soviet Union, and Japan †and their CO2 discharges: [pic] (IPCC Chart 2) In 2 005 as indicated by the CIA World Factbook, these equivalent three nations had GDP’s of $12. 3 trillion, $4 trillion, and $1. 6 trillion separately (GDP). While the U. S. has almost multiplied it’s GDP, you can wager as a created country, it has additionally expanded it CO2 emissions.But, created nations like the United States and Japan can’t be accused for radiating all the CO2 into the air because of their industrialization. We should likewise take a gander at creating nations, for example, China and Brazil who, while trying to expand their way of life, are additionally expanding their vitality use. As these countries create and increment their industrialization, they inturn discharge significant measures of CO2 into the climate. With the ever-expanding CO2 emanations and deforestation, I'm not catching it's meaning for the steadiness of our enviroment? The Threats and Consequences of Global Warming?The previously mentioned ozone depleting substance outflows a nd the deforestation procedure have been adding to the a dangerous atmospheric devation emergency. The latest supporting proof was accounted for by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) in 2001. Built up in 1988 because of environmental change interest, the IPCC is made out of more than 2,000 researchers and is viewed as the principal expert on environmental change by the United Nations (Wikipedia IPCC). They finished up, through a 2600 page thorough investigation of logical research, that a worldwide temperature alteration is in actuality brought about by CO2 outflows and eforestation. As indicated by the IPCC, the two essential components of an unnatural weather change are temperature and ocean level. Utilizing the most recent research and the ebb and flow drifts in an unnatural weather change, the IPCC forecasts through the finish of the 21st century are as per the following (IPCC SPM): †¢ An ascent of worldwide temperatures from 2. 5â ° to 10. 4â ° F †¢ An ascent of Sea levels from 4†³ to 3†² Rising of Global Temperature The impacts of this variable are very significant. Researchers anticipate it could build the recurrence and size of typhoons; like what occurred on the U. S. ’s Gulf Coast in the fall of 2005.They anticipate it could likewise do likewise to El Nino; which is felt on the west coast †particularly in Southern California. Southern California’s fire season starts towards the finish of summer, because of the dry atmosphere. In the fall of 2002, San Diego felt the impacts of a wild fire. What began as human mistake, proceeded for a considerable length of time, as brush and backwoods fires tore through San Diego Country. Its length and quality was helped by warm El Nino winds. Since El Nino flourishes from accessible warmth, you could state a dangerous atmospheric devation is taking care of El Nino’s hunger.In 1998 National Geographic had this to state about El Nino: El Nino’s unusual impacts on the primary parts of climateâ€sunshine, temperature, environmental weight, wind, dampness, precipitation, cloud development and sea currentsâ€changed climate designs over the central Pacific and thus around the globe†¦ In the previous 98 years there have been 23 El Ninos and 15 La Ninas. Of the century’s ten most remarkable El Ninos, fourâ€the four strongestâ€have happened since 1980. (Suplee) Considering it is conceivable a dangerous atmospheric devation stimulates the atmosphere occasion El Nino, it can likewise dissolve glaciers.A broad retreat of non-polar ice sheets during the twentieth century, and a 10% decline in world snow spread since the 1960’s was caught by satellite symbolism; the contracting of snow spread and the retreat of icy masses are not expected to back off during the 21st century (IPCC SPM). Scientists concur that liquefying ice sheets combined with dissolving ice sheets, similar to those covering Antarctica and Greenland, will become huge factors in causing the ocean levels to rise. Rising Sea Levels Rising ocean levels could pulverize beach front the travel industry spots. This may turn into an exorbitant issue for waterfront cities.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has assessed a one foot ascend along the eastern seaboard by 2050. As indicated by analysts, if this ascent were to happen on the west coast, which is probably, California would lose 2-4 feet of sea shore because of disintegration. [pic] (IPCC Chart 3) The EPA additionally had this to state about rising ocean levels: Rising ocean level immerses wetlands and other low-lying lands, disintegrates sea shores, strengthens flooding, and builds the saltiness of

About Nuclear Weapons - Free Essay Example

Warfare has been around since the beginning of time, sadly it is a part of human nature. There are many types of warfare, one being traditional warfare, where huge armies opposed each other using swords, shields, and many other weapons. Warfare has changed through the ages though, along with technology, therefore, presenting another type of warfare, this one bringing all kinds of new dangers. This new warfare has brought humanitys most destructive weapons yet, nuclear weapons. There are a few main points that are discussed about such as, a nuclear war is likely to happen, the pros and cons of nuclear weapons, and, the radioactive fallout following nuclear weapons. The possibility of a nuclear war is actually, believe it or not, quite high. One reason for this being so, is presented by ElBaradei Mohamed, He said Nine countries have nuclear weapons and it is estimated that 35-40 have the knowledge to acquire them. (ElBaradei) The fact that 30-40 countries have the knowledge to get nuclear weapons is a big factor in the possibility of a nuclear war.chances are, one or more countries already have nuclear weapons secretly, hidden from the knowledge of other countries, yet, ready for use if needed. The reason many countries dont have nuclear weapons is due to the cost of them Elbaradei Mohamed said The US spent $5.8 trillion on nuclear weapons. (ElBaradei) This goes to show much nuclear weapons actually cost. Therefore the countries that have a main focus of war are the countries that have nuclear weapons. Most countries simply dont want to pay for them. Nuclear weapons can prove to have a few pros and a few cons. First off, the Pros, nuclear weapons provide the foundation of other technologies, such as nuclear power plants. Another pro is they stop major conflicts beginning, Crystal Lombardo said The presence of these weapons and their immense destructive capabilities is a major deterrent for starting a major conflict. (Lombardo) Nuclear weapons can stop a war due to the two leaders in a conflict realizing that they probably wouldnt survive if a war was started. Some cons of nuclear weapons are not safe do to having extra radioactive waste after creating a weapon. The waste from the weapons could also possibly leak and give people radiation poisoning. Another con is that nuclear weapons create a lot of fear Crystal Lombardo said A terrorist group with a nuclear weapon could cause immense and immediate damage that could change the path of an entire society. This goes to show that nuclear weapons given to the wrong people could create lots of problems. A radioactive fallout is a very serious co nsequence of a nuclear war. Most people fear the nuclear bomb itself, and figure if they survive the explosion they will be fine. That is completely wrong. The truth is, most people would actually die after the nuclear bomb rather than dying during the explosion. That is due to the radioactive fallout, the aftermath of a nuclear war. Henry Shrimp said: Radioactive fallout poses health dangers, particularly in the form of cancer, to humans in the form of radiation. When radioactive chemicals break down they release a certain amount of radiation. When humans are exposed to this radiation there is a risk that it causes chemical changes in cells which can kill or makes cells abnormal. In damaging the DNA contained in cells, radiation can cause cancer and can also lead to birth defects in children due to the tampering with a persons genetic makeup. (Shrimp) This goes to show how dangerous a radioactive fallout can prove to be. Nuclear weapons are extremely controversial and no one really knows how far reaching the consequences might be if actually used. Hopefully no one will ever find out how far reading the consequences are. The advancement of technology is a good thing most of the time, but, sometimes it can produce things that arent so good suc h as nuclear weapons. Yet, sometimes even those have a good side and provide new ideas that are good. Hopefully there will never be a nuclear war. There are a few main points that were discussed about, they were, a nuclear war is likely to happen, the pros and cons of nuclear weapons, and, the radioactive fallout following nuclear weapons. Works Cited ElBaradei, Mohamed. Nuclear Weapons-The Facts New Internationalist, The New Internationalist, 2 Jun. 2008, Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. (ElBaradei) Lombardo, Crystal. 16 pros and cons of nuclear weapons. Vittana, 15 Nov. 2013, Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. (Lombardo) Shrimp, Henry. Effects to the Human Body From Radioactive Fallout. Stanford University, 23 Apr. 2017, Accessed 15 nov. 2018. (Shrimp)

Evaluating Bank Account Types Offered To International Students - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 6049 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? ABSTRACT The main aim of the study was to investigate evaluate the major banking institutes in Newcastle and distinguish the services and account types offered to international students. For the study, four banks were selected among which three were United Kingdom based and one was an international bank. The banks included in the study were HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s TSB, Barclays and National Westminster (NatWest). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluating Bank Account Types Offered To International Students" essay for you Create order By using two questionnaires; one from the international students and other from the bank personnel, the present study assessed the important factors that were considered significant in selecting the bank and the importance of students as customers for the banks. The results suggested that there was little different in the basic facilities offered by the four banks, but Lloyds TSB was the most popular among the international students due to its variety of student accounts. In conclusion, the research offered an insight into the management and the marketing strategies that banks can make use of to attract international students as potential customers. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to evaluate the major banking institutes in Newcastle and distinguish the services and account types offered to international students. For the study, four banks were selected among which three were United Kingdom based and one was an international bank. These banks were: HSBC Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s TSB Barclays National Westminster (NatWest) The researcher compared the services, interest rate, few charges and the ease of accessibility of these banks to the international students with they region they resided and attended their respective colleges or universities. The topic of the present research was selected by the researcher because the issue of how international students select their banks in Newcastle has been given considerable attention by researchers. The reason for this is that most international students who come to Newcastle are without local bank accounts and in the long run most students need such a facility to work on completing transactions such fees payments, living expense, accommodation and fulfillment of other financial needs. Investigating such information would assist banks to recognize the suitable management and marketing strategies required to attract new students as customers and keep hold of existing ones (Kaynak Kucukemiroglu, 1992). The relevant literature indicates that a great deal of research effort has been put into investigating the bank selection decisive factor for international students in the United Kingdom. Researches on bank management and marketing are not a new phenomenon. In fact, a lot has been written on the subject of bank management and marketing with the bulk of the literature relating to banking behavior of general customers. A broad range of marketing paradigms related to customers has been examined, including market segmentation, attitudes, purpose, inclinations, bank loyalty, bank selection choices, bank representation, bank service value, contentment a nd multiple bank users (Garland 2002). One marketing concept related to customers that has fascinated abundance of researches has been the thought process of customers or the grounds on the basis of which customers decide to interact with particular banks (Anderson, Cox Fulcher, 1976; Evans, 1979; Kaynak, 1986; Boyd, Leonard White, 1994). A thorough examination of the present literature ascertains the generalization related to the thought process of retail customers. The population of interest in the vast bulk of such customer researches has been the general customer. Only a few of researches have intended for younger age groups such as the undergraduate section of the market though over past few years, the bank management have started to take vast interest in this section of the population (Mokhlis, Nik Mat Salleh 2008). Even though greater parts of undergraduate students are unemployed and their earning comes largely from educational loans, they offer an exceptional business opportunity for banks. First, in regards to their buying power, the student segment is growing and has turned lucrative (Ayadi 1996). With the development of educational services in United Kingdom, the amount of international students in further and higher education has been increasing rapidly over the years. Secondly, students are expected to require a bank account to settle their tuition fee or parental funding and might be taking care of their personal financial matters for the first time (Kaynak Whiteley 1999). Those students who do not yet hold bank accounts would be required to open one as they begin college because all transactions are done through the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bank accounts. Regardless of their comparatively basic banking requirements, students are considered an important segment in the market at the level in the buying cycle where they might be more receptive to marketing strategies from financial institutions (Thwaites Vere, 1995). Another import ant feature of the student market is the possibility for above-average profitability. Lewis (1982) suggested that banks understood that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it is important to attract students to open accounts when they begin college, in the expectation that they would stay with the after graduation, and be lucrative, in the long run, for the bank.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The fundamental reason for this observation is that college student is the section of the population who has the likelihood of earning a larger income than any other section of the population. As stated by Duncan, Smeeding Rodgers (1992), only individuals who are studying have a considerably greater probability of rising from the low income strata into the middle class. Specially, as contrasted with non-graduates of similar age group, graduates usually secure more highly paid jobs, achieve a more developing career and thus, grow a need for a greater variety of personal financial services as they go by their own life cycle. Th e skill to build up an existence in the student market through suitable attainment and maintenance strategies is thus expected to have an effect on banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ future market share and revenue (Thwaites Vere, 1995). International students signify as a significant market for financial institutions such as banks. The skill to value, comprehend and deal with the precise needs of this segment section of the population is now a vital market reality (Cicic, Brkic, Agic, n.d). Bankers can no longer maintain their conventional belief that only business and salary earning customers will bring revenue to the bank. They must understand that student customers are also possibly lucrative market section and prospect market earnings will be attained by banks only if they target this up-and-coming section and win them (Grady Spencer 1990). Banks that would get hold of student segment must know the significant factors that decide the basis upon which students choose between financia l institutions (Kaynak Yavas 1985). Bank marketers must be capable of discerning what is central to student customers in the market and how their force compares with those of their competitors (Cicic, Brkic, Agic, n.d). United Kingdom has an extensive history of inviting international students to educate themselves in its colleges and universities. According to UCAS (2009), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the UK in 2009 there were 1.8 million full-time undergraduate students in higher education, which included over 104,000 international students.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The rapid growth in the amount of international students in the past few years has become a significant supply of export revenues, and it surely has the ability for further rapid growth. It had been recommended that provided with the right support, the amount of international students studying in UK universities could more than double in the next few years (Higher educationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s importance goes well beyond teaching 2009). There are numerous factors involved in offering of student accounts in nearly all financial institutions. It might be due to growing the customer base or acquiring the new customers in the budding stage. In the contest to get hold of more and more customers and attract the younger generation, the financial institutions are offering various types of products and services. International students studying in the United Kingdom need to look after numerous things once they have arrived at their respective colleges and universities. These include accommodation, health, money matters, registration, etc. But the first and the foremost duty of a student on arriving in United Kingdom is to open his or her account in order to carry out the required financial transactions. Even though, the student cannot open a bank account until he or she has arrived and enrolled at the college or the university, but Barclays now offers a bank account that can be opened before arriving in United Kingdom (International Student Handbook 2009). In order to open a bank account, an international student needs to first decide on the bank and the account that he or she requires. Some banks offer first-time students a Student Account with special advantages. However, each bank offers different facilities, and the student would need to compare and decide which one will be best for him or her (International student: banking Information 2009). Once the bank has been chosen, the student needs to take his or her passport along with his or her student visa to the chosen bank. If the student belongs to EU, then he or she is also required to take the national photo identity card as well (Opening a UK bank account 2003). Furthermore, the banks also require a letter or certificate from the university confirming the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s United Kingdom study details. Moreover, in order to open an online or a telephone account, the bank may require more proof of the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s identity (You can bank on it: opening a bank account in the UK 2004). The reason for banks requiring proof of ID is because the law of UK states that all financial services companies must do everything they can to ensure their services are not being used for financial crime. Because of this, banks must avoid accounts from being opened under fake identities. They must ask each and every individual who wants to open or operate a bank account for documents to prove their identity (International student opening a UK bank account, n.d) As Newcastle has gained the one of the top most position in the United Kingdom for further education, therefore the need for the student to open bank accounts to carry out their financial transactions has risen as well. This is because most international students who come to Newcastle are without local bank accounts and in the long run most students need such a facility to work on completing transactions such fees payments, living expense, accommodation and fulfillment of other financial needs. Thus, the banks have recognized the significance of international students as potential customer and it is due to this fact, the banks in Newcastle are aiming to improve their clientele by attracting students to open bank accounts in their respective bank through different marketing strategies and incentives. As a result, numerous bank representatives are seen roaming around in the first week of the academic year in various universities and colleges marketing their benefits to the potential customers. These bank representatives provide students with information regarding various services and benefits that are offered at their respective banks. They would also provide information regarding the different accounts that can be opened at the banks. The most common type of accounts are: Deposit account or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"basic accountà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Current account Student account The banks also offer a number of facilities to their customer to make their financial transaction more convenient and easier. These facilities include: Cash withdrawals available at Post Office Debit Card ATM ATM Card Direct Debit Online Banking Telephone Banking 1.1 Research Aims The basic aim of the research was to: Find the cheapest bank account students can open. Compare HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Plc, Barclays and NatWest in Newcastle for their international student services. Availability of banks/ATMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s within the student area of Newcastle. 1.2 Research Objectives The objectives of the present research were to: Evaluate the best account type to open for international students. Investigate the majority of bank accounts used by international students. Investigate the reason for international students choosing a certain bank to open their bank accounts. Study the geographic locations and ease of access to the banks within the region designated to students and their life styles. Study the 4Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) of the banks. Investigate the importance of students as potential customers for the banks. Find out the marketing and management strategies employed by the four banks. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The banks in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world are trying to attract students to open their accounts at their banks. The reason for this is that the banks think about it in the long term point of view. To them a student is not a student: a student is an individual who would have a career some day and this particular individual would be a loyal customer, would pay back his or her overdraft (sometimes with charges), need a loan or a mortgage and so on. Therefore, the perception of the student account summed up by the banks, is to facilitate the banking needs of the students who are working towards undergraduates. The basic banking needs that would help students fulfill their financial needs vary from bank to bank as different banks offer different products and services, such as cards, deposit slips and cheques, to its student customer. A small number of researches regarding the subject of bank selection decisive factor of international students in the UK have taken place over the yea rs. Gray (1977) examined student behavior regarding bank services in the UK. He suggested that convenience was the most vital factor affecting the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice of bank. Another research by Lewis (1982) analyzed the banking behavior in students studying in the UK. A total sample of 716 students in 11 universities and colleges in the Greater Manchester area were inspected for the research. From findings of the study, it was discovered that 92 per cent of students thought they would remain with their current bank until their course finished while 44 per cent considered carrying on with the same bank. Moreover, it was discovered that convenience of site of the bank and its facilities to college was the main factors influencing on studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice of bank. A study by Thwaites and Vere (1995), also taken place in UK, illustrated that nearness of an ATM to the educational institution, free banking service and student offers were the main three re asons used by students in choosing the banks to deal with. The present study was focused on researching the main facilities provided by HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest in their student account. Furthermore, the researcher also studied the extra facilities provided by each of the bank in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"student accountà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The study helped the researcher get a general overview of the banking facilities provided to international student that were offered by HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest. Thus, the researcher was able to move forward and decide upon the most feasible and the optimum choice of international students regarding the bank and the bank account. The review of the literature was mainly focused upon the products and services offered by the four banks HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest to international students. Furthermore, the extra facilities that differentiated one bank from th e other were also thoroughly studied in the literature review. National Westminster Bank Plc or generally known as NatWest is a part Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s second largest bank, the Royal Bank of Scotland Group. In order to make the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial transactions convenient and easier, NatWest has fifty five branches in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest universities. Moreover, NatWest also has 1650 branches that are more than any of the commercial banks in the country. To benefit the students who come to study in the United Kingdom from overseas, NatWest has offered a Blue International Account that charges a fee of 6.95 pounds monthly. This account facilitates international students by offering them an International Student Identity Card (ISIC) which enables the full time students more than 40,000 travel, online and lifestyle discounts within the region and abroad. Furthermore, the Blue International Account provides with a useful guide that contains in formation on banking in the UK and advice on how to manage finances as a student. The guide is available in 5 different languages. NatWest has also made transfer of funds for students easier as now they can easily receive money from their home country and pay their bill online. Moreover, the bank also offers both online and telephone banking to international students to keep a check of their finances during any part of the day. NatWest also offers the students mobile phone top-up facility along with mobile phone banking and text alerts regarding the finances. Another significant aspect of Blue International Account is insurance which allows students to insure mobile phone and other gadgets. Also, the bank offers the students an Orange SIM card for the mobile that dials to more than 50 countries for 5p per minute. NatWest also provides it student customers with discounts like saving 1/3 on rail fares if the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age ranges between 16 and 25 all the way through G reat Britain for a whole year. Also, if the tickets are booked through the NatWest Box Office, then students receive a 25% discount on tickets to the plays, concerts and other events (Advantage Blue International: student option 2010). The worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"local bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, HSBCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s international network comprises of over 9800 offices in 77 countries along with 59,000 Link ATMs in the United Kingdom (HSBC Passport 2010). The bank offers a dedicated package known as the Passport Account for international students with 24 hours access to their money but with no credit or draft facilities. Students holding a passport account at HSBC are charged 6 pounds a month for a period of 12 months after which renewal of the account is mandatory (HSBC Passport 2010). The bank further provides passport holders with a Western Union Gold Card on which the students can earn points and make saving on transaction fees when sending money bank home. Als o students can receive a discount of 4 pounds on international money transfer fee. The Passport Account at HSBC also offers its studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ customers with both internet and telephone banking. Moreover, the bank provides the students with Maestro Debit card and Direct Debit or standing orders and access to saving accounts with high interest (Comparison of banking facilities offered in Oxford by the major banks 2009). There is a special UK relocation service offered by the bank with relocation advice in eight different languages. The students can also receive a UK SIM card with 10 pounds of free credit along with low cost international calls. International students can also open a Basic Account at HSBC which is easy to comprehend and administer. The benefits of opening a Basic Account are that firstly, students can check balances, get statements and make withdrawals of up to 200 pounds with their basic bank account card at HSBC bank cash machines in UK. Secondly, studen ts can also access up to 200 pounds per day over Post Office counters with basic bank account card and PIN numbers. Regular bills can be paid; standing orders and direct debits can be set up on the account. Also students can enjoy free internet and telephone banking (HSBC Passport 2010). The Lloyds TSB Group is a renowned UK-based financial service organization that offers complete banking and financial services in both United Kingdom and abroad. There are thirteen branches of Lloyds within the designated area for international students within Newcastle (Student Account 2010). There is a variety of Lloyds TSB student accounts to select from, depending on the requirements and situations. It has the most number of accounts available to offer to international students for free and minimum of 7.95 pounds monthly is charged for silver account and accounts such as gold have a higher fee rate with more facilities (Student Account 2010). The Lloyds Student Account has been presented with 5 Star Rating by Defaqto for its outstanding variety of attributes and advantages. There are three types of student accounts that students can choose from at Lloyds (Student Account 2010). Firstly, the Student Account offers a Debit Card and a Master Card. Also it provides with a free NUS Extra card and a yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s free mobile phone insurance. The students can receive up to 75 pounds cashback and free music downloads while using the Lloyds Student Bank Account. The facilities of internet banking, phone bank and free text alerts is also offered along with the benefit of saving the change in which surplus cash is moved into a savings account each month (Comparison of banking facilities offered in Oxford by the major banks 2009). Another type of student account offered is the Islamic Student Account which carries the same benefits as the Student Account but with the guarantee that the money will be held in reserve in accordance with Shariah (Islamic Law). Moreover, the s tudent is given the option to utilize other non-Shariah benefits if they wish. The third type of bank account offered to students is the Graduate Account which receives a Classic credit card with at least  £500 credit limit. The facility of internet banking is also provided and commission-free travel money is given as well (Student Account 2010). Barclays is one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s top most banks. Their status has been created on over 300 years of services. Barclays is an international bank with its branches in more than 60 countries. Barclays offers an International Student Account known as the iBank Student that can be opened before arriving in United Kingdom (iBank Student and foreign student bank accounts with Barclays Wealth International 2010). iBank Student is offered for a small monthly charge of  £5 and a opening balance of  £1,000. The iBank Student account is an international account also available in sterling, US dollar and euro. The V ISA debit card can be connected in sterling and is accepted in 22 million locations around the world (iBank Student and foreign student bank accounts with Barclays Wealth International 2010). Students can also receive discounts up to 25% on Hewlett Packard laptops, desktops and accessories. The account offers easy access and a savings account in which funds can be deposited and withdrawn whenever the customer wishes. The savings account can also be opened to earn higher interest by the student (Comparison of banking facilities offered in Oxford by the major banks 2009). The student can also gain access to complete collection of savings and investments or balances of  £10,000 or more. International telephone and online banking is available 24 hours to operate money in diverse currencies and time zones. The bank also offers expert advice from our mortgage advisers to help the student or his or her parents to buy property in UK (iBank Student and foreign student bank accounts wi th Barclays Wealth International 2010). The literature review on the different services offered by HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s TSB, Barclays and NatWest indicated that all of the banks provide students with the basic services that are required to fulfill the financial transactions, however, the Student Account product is structured in various ways, in accordance with the style, strategy and control affairs of each bank. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Sample The present study was an investigation into student banking arrangements at four major banks- HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest- in the Newcastle area, and recommendations as to which provided the best services to international students. A sample of 100 subjects, including both males and females, ranging from the ages of 18 to 28 years, was drawn from different areas in Newcastle, United Kingdom. All the subjects were international students belonging to Newcastle university dormitories, Northumbria dormitories and Newcastle college campus in Newcastle. Another sample of 40 subjects, both males and females, was drawn from bank personnel of HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest. 10 employees from each bank were drawn as a sample. Further information from both international students and bank personnel was gathered regarding age, gender, education, accommodation, etc. 3.2 Sampling Strategy The sampling strategy employed in the research was Stratified Random Sampling. Stratified Random Sampling also referred as proportional  or  quota  random sampling, is separating the population into uniform subgroups and then drawing a simple random sample from each subgroup (Trochim, 2006). The reason for employing Stratified Random Sampling was that it enabled the researcher to draw a sample of international students from the total population and then draw a random sample among the international students to administer the questionnaire. Same was the case with the questionnaire from the banking personnel. For the present study, both primary and secondary researches were carried out. The use of both primary and secondary researches enabled the researcher to not only gather facts and figures about the products and services the different banks offered but it allowed analysis of the arrangements that the banks offered to international students through these products and services. 3.3 Primary Research 3.3.1 Questionnaire for Students A questionnaire was distributed among international students of Newcastle to find out which of the bank accounts was used most by the students. The questionnaire also had questions concerned with why the students chose a certain bank among HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest and what features of that bank attracted them the most. There were questions designed to investigate the geographic locations and ease of access to these banks within the region designated to students and their life styles. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section dealt with gathering the information regarding the student respondent. This section included questions on age, gender, and educational level, how the student was funding his/her education, his/her tuition fee, maintenance cost, etc. The second section of the questionnaire was designed to gain an insight in the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s history of banking. This section included questions on the number of accounts the student held previously and the type of account he/she held. The next section that is the last section was regarding the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience of banking in Newcastle with the four banks; HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest. The questions in this section also dealt with the importance of different offered services to the respondent, factors that were involved in the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choosing a certain bank. Furthermore, questions on comparison of the four banks in Newcastle that is, HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest on the difference of the services and the type of accounts the respondent held at these banks were also included. 3.3.2 Questionnaire for Bank Personnel Another questionnaire was designed to gather data from the bank personnel of HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest. These questions were related to how important potential student customers were to their organization. Furthermore, the questions also investigated the management and marketing strategies these banks used. This questionnaire was also divided into three sections. The first section of the questionnaire was designed to provide a profile of the bank employee who responded to the survey. Questions on age, gender, the bank they were currently working for and their designation at the bank were included. The next section was regarding the importance of students as customers to these banks. In this section, the banking personnel were asked questions regarding whether it was important to have students as their customers, the type of accounts held by the students, why the students chose their bank over their competitors and the significance of different t ypes of services offered at their banks. The third section was related to the marketing strategies, that is, the 4Ps that the banks used to attract students. This section included questions on the product, price, promotion and place of the products and services offered to the international students. 3.3.3 Consent Letter All the participants in the study were given a consent letter, which gave them the right to withdraw any information at any stage of the research. Also the authority and confidentiality of the people was confirmed 3.3.4 Cover Letter A cover letter was attached to both the questionnaires which explained the aims and objectives of the research to the respondents. It gave information about the time that the questionnaire would take to complete. Furthermore, it explained the privacy and the confidentiality of the information gathered. . 3.4 Secondary Research Secondary research was also employed in the present study. The purpose for this was to gather data regarding each bank from internet, books, articles and international account handbooks. The use of secondary research enabled the researcher to gather information regarding the various products and services offered to international students by these banks. Furthermore, it also enhanced the level of objectivity involved in the research as the data was gathered from other sources. 3.5 Research Design A comparative research design was employed in the study. A comparative research design evaluates two or more groups on one variable (McMillan 1991). This was employed because the research is an investigation in to student banking arrangements at four major banks in the Newcastle area, and recommendations as to which provide the best services to international students; (HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest). Thus, it was a comparison of the four banks as to which offered the best and the cheapest services to international students. 3.6 Procedure In order investigate into student banking arrangements at four major banks- HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest- in the Newcastle area, and recommendations as to which provided the best services to international students, a sample of 100 subjects, ranging from the ages of 18 to 28 years, was drawn from Newcastle, United Kingdom. All the subjects were international students belonging to Newcastle university dormitories, Northumbria dormitories and Newcastle college campus in Newcastle. Another sample of 40 subjects was drawn from bank personnel of HSBC, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plc, Barclays and NatWest. A comparative research design was employed in the research which is aimed the comparison of two or more groups on one variable (McMillan 1991). Stratified random sampling was used. First of all written permission was taken from the heads of educational institutions and the banks. They were briefed about the research, its significance, time involved and the proce dure. Furthermore, the sample population was informed and consent forms were distributed. Also the authority and confidentiality of the people was confirmed. Individual testing was carried out. One time approach to the participants was used for data collection. The subjects were administered the questionnaires. The testing environment provided to the sample population was sufficiently quite to facilitate adequate concentration. The instructions were read aloud so that the sample population could easily comprehend the questionnaire. On average the administration took 15 minutes in individual testing situation. The study was under taken from February 2010 to March 2010. 3.7 Qualitative Analysis The qualitative analysis of the data included why students had opted for a certain bank, as well as some information of the facilities provided by each bank. Furthermore, it also included the types of the services students opted for at banks and what products and services of the banks attracted them the most. The qualitative analysis of the data gathered from the bank personnel included the analysis of importance of students as customers to the bank. Moreover a qualitative analysis of the different management and marketing strategies used by the four banks was also carried out. 3.8 Quantitative Analysis Inferential and descriptive statistics was applied on the data collected. Frequency and percentages of the variables were calculated. The quantitative analysis of all the questions in the questionnaires was carried out. The presentation of appropriate primary sources (statistical indexes, graphs, tables of primary data) was also used in order to support the ideas of the literature. This enabled the researcher to statically analyze the data, interpret it and made recommendations accordingly. 3.9 Percentages In order to analyze and interpret the result, percentages were calculated for each question. This allowed the researcher to acquire a quantitative analysis of the data collected. CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION In an increasingly competitive United Kingdom banking sector, banks cannot be far from understanding from the requirements, drives and purchase decisions of consumers. Similarly, banks are not unaware of the limitations that might be faced by the consumers desiring to purchase their products and services. One of the interesting findings of the study is that students extremely value their time and anticipate their banking transactions to be fulfilled as swiftly as possible. Therefore, the most significant method for financial transactions was considered as the ATMs and the debit/credit card. Moreover, the predominant factor in the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice of the bank was convenience, that is, the proximity of an ATM from the college. Moreover, student offers and other facilities were also considered to be an important criterion for the bank selection among students. Furthermore, the results of the study clearly indicated that most of the students required bank accounts f or payment of fee or accommodation, thus, in Newcastle they mostly held student/current accounts which not only provided them with the basic facilities required for financial transactions but also offered them a number incentives like the Railway Card offered by NatWest. Even though all the four banks offered the basic facilities, but it was Lloyds TSB that most of the international students held accounts with. This was due to the fact that they offered a range of different student accounts to cater to the needs and wants of students belonging to diverse backgrounds. This fact laid a stamp on the rewarding of Lloyds Student Account the top 5 Star Rating by Defaqto for the excellent advantages it offered to the students (Student metrics: student banking and insurance in the UK 2007). The incentive of the Railway Card put NatWest in the second position with HSBC and Barclays following respectively. The management of the United Kingdom banks has acknowledged the significance of s tudents as customers by offering a range of student accounts. They have expanded their customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ base by including international students as possible customers. By employing a global perspective and turning their banks into a global brand, banks are devising new and innovative management and marketing strategies to attract students to open accounts in their respective banks (Bank marketing international 2006). Banks have recognized that a potential student customer is a customer for life and as customers are the lifeblood of banks, therefore the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ views and demand should never be ignored. As the basic features in consumer groups vary to some extent, it is imperative for banks to aim market sections that are similar in regards to related financial service buying behavior (Harris 2000). The international studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ market in Newcastle is a rapidly growing segment as a result of the growing awareness of higher education in dev eloping countries. With the intention of being competitive in luring possible student customers, banks are keen to spend on a variety promotional programmes and incentives, with the plan of developing awareness for services being offered. Furthermore due to the fast-paced technological environment in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, banks are emphasizing more on providing facilities to the students that offer convenience and quick financial transactions. Therefore, the rapid growth of ATMs near educational institutions and debit/credit card facility for students amongst banks is a common phenomenon. Also, both internet and telephone banking are other tools employed by banks to make banking transactions more convenient and easier. While pricing their products and services, banks keep in their mind the financial position of the students and thus offer a number of incentives along with the basic facilities. The bank management must therefore carefully think over the transforming world s cenario when creating financial strategies. The needs and wants of international students must also be considered in the development of banks service marketing plans (Kotler 2002). CONCLUSION The aim of the present study was to evaluate the major banking institutes in Newcastle and distinguish the services and account types offered to international students. For the study, four banks were selected among which three were United Kingdom based and one was an international bank. These banks were: HSBC Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s TSB Barclays National Westminster (NatWest) The researcher compared the different services offered and the ease of accessibility of these banks to the international students with they region they resided and attended their respective colleges or universities. The most significant fact revealed by the present study was that the students were mostly interested in receiving quick and convenient banking transactions. There was no significant difference in the basic facilities provided by the four banks. But a little difference was found in the incentives offered by the four banks and these differences depended on the policies of the particul ar banks and the needs and wants of the student customers. The results of the study clearly provide the basis for suggesting that Lloyds TSB was the most popular among the students due to its different range of studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ accounts. The patterns that emerged from the study provided an insight into strategies that banks use and can make use of to attract potential student customers.

Cell Phones And Its Effect On Society - 1400 Words

Since the release of the first generation of iPhone in June of 2007, Social interaction has taken a dramatic change since. The story of these devices arose when in 1973 Motorola made it possible to carry a phone and still use it, since then there have been millions upon millions released through these forty three years of its existence, every year with a different model, system, camera, you name it, the possibilities are endless! The advantages cellular devices hold over us are massive, from calling a friend situated halfway across the world to ordering food for Memorial High School’s 5th period lunch. Another major factor of our 24/7 nonstop use of the cell phone is texting. Text messaging has essentially caused us to withdraw from society and has caused major difficulties for humans interacting in one on one conversations. That is how cell phones have ultimately changed communication between people and killed interaction. Now, cell phones have innovated to such advanced tech nology within today’s society and people now are using it on a daily basis. Owning a cell phone is a basic need. Since the introduction of the first mobile phone by Motorola in 1973, the phone industry has had a major boom and has increased in demand by the minute since then. Mobile phones have become so popular that now every year, each producer is competing on who can release the â€Å"newest† model and basically who can â€Å"reinvent the wheel† all over again with â€Å"new and improved† specs these mobileShow MoreRelatedCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’t been around for that long. The quickRead MoreCell Phone Effect on Society1526 Words   |  7 PagesClass Date Title How often do we see some people in society now a days on their phones? Whether this be to someone checking their Facebook or just messaging their friends to let them know where they are. How often could you witness to how they could cause accidents such as not paying attention when crossing the road, crime such as the increase in phones being stolen, or car accidents in the split second in which one is looking down at their phone rather than paying attention to what is on the roadRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones have been around for hundreds of years. It’s no surprise that more and more people are beginning to partake in cellphone use. Cell phones provide society with an easier way of communicating and obtaining information, but at the same time there are some negative consequences. What most people don’t realize is that cellphones are actually quite harmful to modern society. Scientifically cellphones emit radiations that can potentially produce fatal results. Overall cellphones haveRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthis technology, the cell phone was created and over the years has advanced itself. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business uses. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones paly an important role in the lives of many, the negative possibilitie s could cause destruction to our society. According to Russell Ware, a cell phone is â€Å"any portable telephoneRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society3111 Words   |  13 Pagesback to the office on the cell phone†, said Seven Spielberg. Everywhere you are no matter what, you will see someone in contact with his or her cell phone. The effects of them cause negative and positive outcomes within our society. Cell phones have influenced society both positive and negative ways regarding teenagers life, social interactions, emergencies crimes, and health. Cell phones have negatively affected teenager’s life in more than one way. First cell phones are a distraction to the wayRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1698 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and technological advances in communication, such as smartphones, were initially introduced in society to connect individuals together. However, because of the growing obsession of smartphones and technology, it becomes evident that technology is causing an opposite effect. 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One s relationships, values, and time management would all be better if cell phones were not as significant of a part of people’s lives as they have become. Howard Rheingold says it so beautifully and accurately. Cell phones and other technology is changing the world andRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1503 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced vocabulary. In today’s society text language, such as jk or lol, is common in everyday texting, but to past generations the use o f this language is foreign. That shows the major change that cell phones have had on society. People who were born before 1973 grew up without cell phones,and when they did finally get their first phone, they used it only for calling people. Young teens today will hang out with each other, but there is a secret tag along friend, their phones, that never seems to leave

Purpose of Global Marketing Research- Collaboration & Competition

Questions: 1. Describe the purpose of the global marketing research described in the article? 2. Explain the competitive environment in relation to the marketing research is discussed in the article. 3. Describe how collaboration and social behavior played a role in the global marketing research. 4. In your informative essay explain the following: Provide a review of how the data was collected? Provide a review of how the data analysis was completed? Answers: 1. Purpose of Global Marketing Research Global marketing research is one of the most important aspect on which international marketing strategy is developed. According to Steenkamp (2001), it is important to study various issues of the foreign market in order to analyze the market and therefore develop effective strategies in order to satisfy the consumers. It has been found that, consumer behavior changes in different region. The author has emphasized on the study of national culture in case of global marketing research. The paper has focused on identification of the role of culture in the international marketing research as it has significantly influence the need as well as purchasing behavior of the consumers. According to Steenkamp (2001), failure in conducting effective international market research has leaded to various business failures. The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the national culture in international marketing research. This paper has recognized that the major aim of conducting intern ational business research is to identify major environmental features which will help in the study of systematic difference in consumer behavior (Soares, Farhangmehr Shoham, 2007). Additionally, the chosen paper has explored that international marketing research plays a major role in the scrutinizing the culture which is found to be one of the most important elements for shaping the behavior, perception and attitude of the people of a particular region belonging to specific community(Baack Singh, 2007). 2. Competitive Environment International marketing research is conducted for analyzing the foreign market to gain an overview regarding the expectation and potential of the customers, present state of the suppliers, and economic condition of the nation along with the level of competition in the market. According to the journal article The role of national culture in international marketing research, culture plays a major role in influencing the purchasing decision of a consumer. Additionally, culture is one of the determinant factors of the pricing strategy, product design as well as promotional strategy of an organization. Hence, it has been found that international market research helps in getting an insight regarding the level of competition in the foreign market. It helps an organization to develop its marketing strategies accordingly. It has been found that the study of the competitive environment is one of the core aspects of the international marketing research. The chosen article has clearly demonstrat ed that through study of the cultural aspects of the international market, an organization can get a relevant idea regarding the competitive situation of the market which ultimately contributes in the strategy formulation of the organization in order to ensure success in the global market. 3. Role of Collaboration and Social Behavior in Global Marketing Research The study conducted by Steenkamp (2001) has significantly focused on studying the role of collaboration as well as social behavior in terms of culture in the global marketing research. It has been argued that the social behavior is one of the major determinant factors for individual decision making. The paper studies the role of culture in global market research which is an important element of the social behavior. The journal article has implied that study of national cultural features is related to the various socio-historic variables and hence it is difficult to study all dimensions of national culture that influences marketing components (Baack Singh, 2007). This study clearly implied that collaboration as well as social behavior plays significant role in global marketing research. 4. Data Collection Method Data collection method is one of the important tasks of conducting a research. In case of international marketing research appropriate data collection method must be adopted in order to fulfill the aims of the study. It has been found that there are two types of data: primary and secondary. Primary data are collected through survey, interview etc which is the direct response from the people. On the other hand, secondary data are collected from the past studies, theoretical frameworks etc. This study has adopted the secondary data collection method. The researcher has utilized wide range of information from past studies, theoretical frameworks etc. These past theories have been collected for books, journal articles and trusted websites for this research paper. For conducting international marketing research primary data will be collected according to the stated theories. Data Analysis Method In this paper qualitative data analysis method was adopted by the researcher in order to assess the collected secondary data. Additionally, qualitative data were analyzed with the aid of statistical tools in case of international marketing research. References Baack, D., Singh, N. (2007). Culture and web communications.Journal Of Business Research,60(3), 181-188. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.11.002 Soares, A., Farhangmehr, M., Shoham, A. (2007). Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies.Journal Of Business Research,60(3), 277-284. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.10.018 Steenkamp, J. (2001). The role of national culture in international marketing research.International Marketing Review,18(1), 30-44. doi:10.1108/02651330110381970

Interracial Relationships Essays - Marriage, Racism, Antisemitism

Interracial Relationships African Americans and whites in the United States have witnessed a large amount of social and cultural desegregation of. Through years of desegregation, however, social and cultural differences still exist. They exist in the institution of marriage. Americans have been and are continually moving slowly away from segregation. "In the past forty years, laws have transformed schools, jobs, voting booths, neighborhoods, hotels, restaurants and even the wedding altar" (Ties that Bind). Since the 1960's, when housing discrimination was outlawed, many African Americans moved into predominately white neighborhoods. The steadily growing areas in the west and southwest are least segregated, because these areas never had the?"entrenched African American and white sections of town" (Afgen). There are other signs that are visibly seen in the areas of education. A study, done by the University of Michigan, shows that integration on campuses occur on a regular basis. The racial lines are crossed routinely; about 50% of African Americans and 15% of whites reportedly study together and a percentage close to that also eat together. Socially, there has been a steady focus of opinion on a variety of racial issues. Since 1972, surveys have asked whether the respondent would favor a law making inter-racial marriages illegal. "Since 1901, there has been a ban on these interracial marriages in Alabama" (Afgen). In 1980 the results showed that 30% of whites and 18.3% of African Americans favor such a law. By 1994, data showed 14.7% and 3.2% respectively. Similar trends have also been observed in busing and even integrated social clubs (Ties that Bind). A simple analysis shows that complete desegregation is moving in the right direction. Regardless of these examples of desegregation, a deeper look shows that there are still signs of racial discriminations, mostly seen in the institution of marriage between African Americans and whites. "By 1996, there were more than 340,000 marriages between blacks and whites, according to the census updates, of which fewer than 1 in 3 interracial marriages were between African Americans and whites in the 1960" (Ties that Bind). These numbers do not reflect the spread of desegregation very well. If there is such a large spread of desegregation between African Americans and whites from the past to the present, then the numbers should reflect a much larger count of interracial marriages between these races. This is, however, untrue. There are less such barriers African American and white couple's face today. One of the major barriers that face these couples does not come from themselves but rather from family disapproval. Ruth, an African American woman, and her husband Steve, a white man, were married in 1982. They have no prejudice toward each other and they share the equal love of any other married couple. Problems did not arise from friends because they shared friendship with people from different races along with those who looked at the person, not the color. However, they had problems with other people, such as Steve's mother. His mother had sat him down and asked him why he could not marry his own kind. Steve, of course, stood firm and married Ruth, which unfortunately resulted in the ties between his mother and himself breaking away. Robert, an African American man, married Michelle, a White Lutheran woman. Not one of Michelle's relatives attended the wedding, except for her mother. Her father was furious that he was expected to accept an African American into the family. "It is not the disfavor of strangers that hurts these couples the most, but rather the disfavor of family"(Newsline). "Territa, a African American women, had broken up with Todd, her White husband, several times before getting married because of the initial reaction of Todd's family "(Newsline). Nevertheless, they did not let their family's disapproval stop them from continuing on what they had. In another occurrence, Fred and Anita Prinzing, both white, were aware that interracial marriage brought problems. Both their son and daughter married African Americans. Fred and Anita believed that they were not prejudiced, but as far as their children were concerned, they couldn't justify the prejudice they felt for their children marrying African Americans. The only way they believed that they could have been persuaded from prejudice was the fact that they had been

Martha Stewart and Inside Trading Act essays

Martha Stewart and Inside Trading Act essays According to Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, insider trading is any manipulative or deceptive device in connection with the purchase or sale of any security." This ruling served as a deterrent for the early part of this century before the stock market became such a vital part of our lives. But as the 1960's arrived and illegal insider activity began to pick up, courts were confused by this vague definition. So judicial members were forced to interpret this idea since Congress never gave a concrete definition. As a result, two theories of insider trading liability have evolved over the past three decades through judicial and administrative interpretation: the classical theory and the misappropriation theory. The classical theory is the type of illegal activity one usually thinks of when the words "insider trading" are mentioned. The theory emerged from the 1961 SEC administrative case of Cady Roberts. This was the SEC's first attempt to regulate securities trading by corporate insiders. The ruling paved the way for the traditional way we define insider trading - "trading of a firm's stock or derivatives assets by its officers, directors and other key employees on the basis of information not available to the public." The Supreme Court officially recognized the classical theory in the 1980 case U.S. v. Chiarella. U.S. v. Chiarella was the first criminal case of insider trading. Vincent Chiarella was a printer who put together the coded packets used by companies preparing to launch a large money offer for other firms. Chiarella broke the code and bought shares of the target companies based on his knowledge of the takeover bid. He was eventually caught, and his case clarified the terms of what has come to be known as the classical theory of insider trading. However, the Supreme Court reversed his conviction on the grounds that the existing insider trading law only applied t ...